Shell入门
本文诞生原因:作为一个程序员,居然不会shell,说起来也尴尬。
基本格式
#!/bin/bash
...
Shell变量
- Shell变量定义不需要关键字,直接定义,不要加$。如
name = "hello"
- Shell变量使用的时候需要加$, 花括号为可选项,但是为了让程序可以分清边界,一般使用花括号。如
echo ${name}
只读变量
在前面加readonly
如:
#!/bin/bash
name="Hello"
readonly name
删除变量
在前面加unset
变量被删除后不能再次使用。unset 命令不能删除只读变量。
如:
#!/bin/sh
name="Hello"
unset name
shell获取输入
read - 从标准输入读取数值,命令语法:
read: read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]
从标准输入中读取一行。
从标准输入中读取一行, 如果提供 -u 则从文件描述符FD中读取一行。该行数据与单词一样分隔, 第一个单词分给第一个变量,第二个分给第二个变量,依次类推,直至最后一个单词. 只有在$IFS中找到的字符才会被识别为单词分隔符。
如果不提供变量,这一行的读取将被存在REPLY变量中。
Options:
-a 数组 将读取的单词分配给顺序数组,下标从零开始。
-d delim 继续读取直到读取DELIM的第一个字符,而不是换行符.
-e use Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell
-i text use TEXT as the initial text for Readline
-n nchars return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting
for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than
NCHARS characters are read before the delimiter
-N nchars return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless
EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any
delimiter
-p prompt output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before
attempting to read
-r do not allow backslashes to escape any characters
-s do not echo input coming from a terminal
-t timeout time out and return failure if a complete line of
input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the
TMOUT variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a
fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns
immediately, without trying to read any data, returning
success only if input is available on the specified
file descriptor. The exit status is greater than 128
if the timeout is exceeded
-u fd read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input
Exit Status:
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out
(in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs,
or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.
不翻译了,反正都是很简单的英语
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